Cold or Flu? How to Tell the Difference and What to Do
by Tamara Walker, R.N.

When you or your child begin feeling yucky, it can be hard to tell if a simple cold is to blame or something more serious such as the flu. Here are some common symptoms of each that will help you decide if you need to call the doctor.

Cold symptoms may include: Stuffy nose, sneezing, cough/chest discomfort (mild to moderate; hacking cough), mild to moderate sore throat, mild aches and pains, mild fatigue.

Complications from a cold can include: Sinus infection and/or ear infection, lower respiratory infection such as bronchitis.

Prevention of a cold: Thorough hand-washing and avoiding contact with others who have colds as much as possible. Disinfect toys if a sick child has played with them. Disinfect household surfaces and doorknobs.

Treatment for a cold: Treat symptomatically with clear liquids, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and get plenty of rest. For young children, ask your doctor’s advice before giving OTC medications. See your doctor if symptoms worsen or if they are not getting better after a week.

Flu symptoms may include: High fever (102 to 104), headache (may be severe), aches and pains (moderate to severe), extreme exhaustion (early on in the illness and prominent), fatigue and weakness (can last up to 2-3 weeks), cough/chest discomfort (can become severe). May have stuffy nose, sore throat, and/or sneezing.

Complications from the flu can include: Bronchitis and pneumonia, which may require hospitalization.

Prevention of the flu: Same as for colds. In addition, an annual flu shot or flu mist, upon your doctor’s recommendation. Anti-viral drugs may be prescribed if you have been exposed to the flu.

Treatment for the flu: If you suspect that you or a family member has the flu, see your doctor right away. Influenza is a serious illness and requires a doctor’s visit and monitoring for complications. Amantadine or rimantadine (anti-viral drugs) can be started within the first 24-48 hours after onset of symptoms. Follow your doctor’s advice for treatment of symptoms.

These guidelines are of a general nature and not intended to replace the advice and supervision of your physician or pharmacist.
Copyright 2004-2009 Tamara Walker, R.N. All Rights Reserved. May be used only with author's permission.